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العربية لغة الرحمن الرحيم في القرآن الكريم، ولسان الوحي مع الرسول الأكرم (صلى الله عليه وسلم)، ومن ثمّ، فهي هوية المسلم الحضارية، وهوية الإنسان هي حقيقته المطلقة، وصفاته الجوهرية.
والهوية على نوعين: هوية شخصية تميز شخصًا من خلال اسمه وصفاته وسلوكه… إلخ، وهوية وطنية تدل على مميزات مشتركة لمجموعة من الناس تميزهم عن غيرهم؛ فهي إذن القواسم المشتركة من شكل وحضارة وسلوك ولغة بين أفراد هذه المجموعة، فلا يمكن لأمة من الأمم أن تحيا دون هوية أو تتخلى عنها؛ لأنها (أي الهوية) تحقق الذات الفردية والجماعية، وقضية الاهتمام بالهوية قديمة جديدة.
وفيما يخص الهوية العربية في مصر، فإنها لم تتشكل في صورتها النهائية إلا بعد دخول الإسلام إليها واستقراره بها، واتخاذها الإسلام دينًا لها والعربية لغتها، فبدأت الهوية المصرية العربية تتجذر في صورتها الجديدة على أساسيين متصلين غير منفصلین، هما: اللغة والدين. وتعد اللغة العربية هي العنصر الأساسي في بناء الهوية المصرية العربية تحوطه عناصر أخرى تلازمه، هي: الدين والثقافة والجغرافيا والتاريخ.
واللغة والهوية في مصر مرتبطان بالعقل، وكل منهما مركب يشتمل على أجزاء متداخلة لا يمكن فصل بعضها عن الآخر، فإذا كانت اللغة تشكل طرائق التفكير والتاريخ والمشاعر والإرادة والطموح والعلاقات الإنسانية، فإن الهوية هي كل هذه العناصر، ومن ثمّ فاللغة والهوية وجهان لعملة واحدة.
ولعل مما يؤكد الارتباط الوثيق بين اللغة والهوية تمسك الكثير من الأمم والشعوب القوية بلغتها في جميع المحافل الخاصة والعامة، فيقول المفكر الألماني « فيخته»: إن الذين يتكلمون لغة واحدة يشكلون كيانًا واحدًا متكاملًا بروابط متينة وإن كانت غير مرئية، أي إن اللغة هي الخيط غير المرئي الذي تنتظم فيه حبات عقد أمة من الأمم؛ فتتوحَّد مشاعرها وتقوى روابطها، ورحم الله «مصطفى صادق الرافعي»؛ حيث يقول: «ما ذلت لغة قوم إلا ذلوا، ولا انحطت إلا كان أمرهم في ذهاب وإدبار»، فالضعف اللغوي العام يؤدي بالتدريج إلى ذوبان الشخصية، وفقد الهوية، وضعف الصلة التي توحد الأمة وتشريعاتها، وتحقق لها استقلالها، وتبوؤها المكانة اللائقة بين الأمم.
ولذلك، فإن الحفاظ على اللغة حفاظٌ على الأصالة والانتماء الوطني والقومي، والدليل على ذلك ما نشرته بعض المواقع الإلكترونية من أن المحكمة الألمانية الفيدرالية قضت بعدم أحقية طالبة في المرحلة الثانوية في النجاح؛ بسبب رسوبها في اللغة الألمانية برغم تفوقها في بقية المواد.
إن الضعف اللغوي العام يترك فراغًا فكريًّا وثقافيًّا لدى الأمة، فتكون مهيأة للغزو الثقافي الأجنبي، ومجالًا خصبًا لملء الفراغ بالكلمات الدخيلة والأفكار الغربية، وبهذا الفعل تستلب الأمة فكريًّا وثقافيًّا، وهو عمل يقتل الشخصية، ويمحو الهوية، ويجعل الأمة مسخًا تابعًا للغازي، وفاقدة للإرادة.
ولذلك، فإن تمكين العربية هو تثبيت الهوية العربية الإسلامية في مصر والوطن العربي، بل والعالم الإسلامي أجمع لارتباطها بالإسلام ارتباطًا وثيقًا، فلا يمكن للمسلم أن يقوم بالشعائر الدينية، ولا يفهم الأوامر الإلهية إلا بإدراك مكنونات القرآن الكريم.
ولذلك قال السيوطي في كتابه «المزهر»: «لا شك أن علم اللغة من الدين، فيه تعرف معاني ألفاظ القرآن والسنة النبوية».
وجاء عن الفارابي قوله: «إن القرآن كلام الله وتنزيله، فصَّل فيه مصالح العباد في معاشهم ومعادهم مما يأتون ويذرون، ولا سبيل إلى علمه وإدراك معانيه إلا بالتبحر في علم هذه اللغة».
ولذلك، علينا أن نواجه التحديات العصرية التي تتحدى العربية في مصر بها وهي كثيرة، وتؤثر حتمًا على الهوية العربية الإسلامية، وتتمثل هذه التحديات في المتغيرات الثقافية والاجتماعية التي يمر بها العالم كله؛ نتيجة ظهور وسائل الإعلام الحديثة، وسهولة الاتصال بجميع أشكاله، ومن هذه التحديات:
الثنائية اللغوية في التعليم المصري: وأقصد بذلك تعليم اللغات الأجنبية على حساب العربية في المراحل العمرية الأولى، وهي مراحل الاكتساب اللغوي، ولا يفهم من ذلك أنني ضد تعلم اللغات الأخرى، فـ «الحكمة ضالة المؤمن أنّى وجدها فهو أحق بها»، أما تأثير اللغات الأجنبية على اللغة العربية في التعليم فواضح وجليّ على الهوية العربية.
سطوة العامية في وسائل الإعلام المرئية والمسموعة: والحديث عن العربية وبناء الهوية يقتضي منّا الاهتمام بالعربية في وسائل الإعلام التي تسهم بشكل كبير في توجيه الرأي العام، بل تشكيله؛ ولذلك فإن تلك الوسائل يمكن أن تكون عامل توحيد للوعي العربي، وبناء هويته في مصر ومختلف بُلدان الوطن العربي.
توظيف العربية لخدمة اللغات الأجنبية في الإعلان: فهناك نوع من الجري خلف ما هو أجنبي؛ لذلك يعمد كثير من أصحاب المحلات التجارية إلى استخدام الأسماء الأجنبية لترويج سلعهم، وقد تبين أن من أسباب انتشار هذه الظاهرة عدم معرفة المقابل العربي للاسم الأجنبي، وعدم إتقان العربية، والاعتقاد أن الاسم الأجنبي يجعل المحل مشهورًا، والافتخار بالاسم الأجنبي؛ الأمر الذي يُظهر مدى التحدي للغة العربية، والخطر الذي يحدق بها.
قلة الإنتاج العلمي المكتوب بالعربية: ويدل على ذلك نتائج الإحصاء الذي قامت به منظمة الآلكو، ومنها أن العربية تمثل 40٪ فقط من مجموع المادة العلمية على الشبكة العنكبوتية مقابل 47٪ للإنجليزية، 9٪ للصينية، و8٪ لليابانية، و6٪ للألمانية، و4٪ للإسبانية والفرنسية.
ولعل من أسباب قلة الإنتاج باللغة العربية هو الاعتماد على اللغات الأجنبية في الحصول على المعلومات والأبحاث العلمية المنشورة في الدوريات والمجلات العلمية.
وختامًا، في ضوء ما سبق، من المقترح دعم اللغة العربية لبناء الهوية العربية في مصر من خلال وضع سياسة تدعم العربية في مقابل اللغات الأجنبية في مراحل التعليم المبكر، وإنشاء مراكز بحثية لدراسة الظواهر السلبية ومعالجتها؛ لضمان تقوية العربية، والحفاظ على الهوية العربية في مصر، وتأهيل معلمي اللغة العربية بشكل يخدم اللغة ومتعلميها، وتعزيز الوعي اللغوي، والانتماء إلى الأمة ولغتها، وتعزيز جانب الترجمة إلى العربية من جميع اللغات، ووضع تشريعات لغوية تحد من انتشار الأسماء الأجنبية في الإعلانات المسموعة والمرئية.
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